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“As Moses lifted up the serpent [the serpent made of bronze described in Numbers 21:8–9] in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that whosoever believes in Him will have eternal life, for God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten [uniquely born] Son, that whosoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.”
“…for by grace you are saved through faith and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not as a result of works, lest any man should boast.”
Above is the content of John 3:14–16 and the content of Ephesians 2:8–9, respectively. Itʼs worthwhile to refrain from receiving the mark referenced in Revelation 13:11–18 and to instead receive eternal life for free by believing that Jesus is the Savior. Before doing any Bible studying and before praying to God the Father, it is useful for a person who has believed in the Lord Jesus Christ as the Savior to try to think of any sins that one might have committed since one last confessed oneʼs known post-salvation sins to God the Father, and if one has indeed committed any, to then silently confess those sins to God the Father—confessing only one time for each sin—in accordance with what is mentioned in 1 John 1:9:
“If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.”
This webpage could be periodically updated. If there is a mass disappearance of people professing to be Christians, and if the original author of this webpage is amongst those people disappearing en masse, then it is possible that this webpage will no longer be updated. Also, if there is a mass disappearance of people professing to be Christians, it is worthwhile to consider the possibility that those people have exited from the earth on the occasion known as the Rapture instead of assuming that that mass disappearance involves extraterrestrials abducting those people or involves the annihilation of those people or involves anything else other than the Rapture.
Below are links related to archived copies of this webpage.
archive.is/John314-16.com/2_Timothy_1-13–14_and_the_Other_Verses_of_2_Timothy_1-Print_Version.html
archive.ph/John314-16.com/2_Timothy_1-13–14_and_the_Other_Verses_of_2_Timothy_1-Print_Version.html
Also, it is possible that it is worthwhile to print this content in case of time periods involving lack of Internet connectivity.
When studying the Word of God, it is beneficial to keep in mind the content of Hebrews 4:12:
“Indeed, the Word of God is alive and powerful, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of the soul and the spirit and of the joints and the marrow and is a critic of thoughts and intents of the heart.”
Note: The heart refers to the mind.
It is also beneficial to keep in mind the content of 2 Timothy 3:16–17 when studying the Word of God:
“All Scripture is God breathed and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God might be mature, having been thoroughly furnished unto all good work.”
It is the responsibility of a pastor-teacher to endeavor to correctly understand the Word of God and then to accurately teach the Word of God, as per the content of 2 Timothy 2:15:
“Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, accurately handling the Word of Truth.”
A pastor-teacher is a communicator rather than a crutch on which to be leaned. In that regard, a believer in the Lord Jesus Christ should refrain from putting oneʼs trust in and thereby serving as a devoted follower of and thus worshiping a pastor-teacher. Likewise, a believer should refrain from putting oneʼs trust in and thereby serving as a devoted follower of and thus worshiping anyone other than the Trinity [God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit], as per Joshua 24:15, the content of which references Joshua speaking to the Israelites:
If it is disagreeable/bad/evil/wrong/wretchedness/displeasing in your sight to serve/worship Jehovah / Yahweh / I am I am / the existing One, choose for yourselves today whom you serve/worship: whether the gods ['elohiym / false gods] which your fathers have served/worshiped which were beyond the river or the gods ['elohiym / false gods] of the Amorites in whose land you are living. As for me and my house, we serve/worship Jehovah / Yahweh / I am I am / the existing One.
Note: Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Joshua had been serving as the assistant of Moses while Moses was the leader of the Israelites, set the example for the Israelites. Joshua chose to put his trust in and thereby serve as a devoted follower of and thus worship God the Father rather than Joshua choosing to put his trust in and thereby serve as a devoted follower of and thus worship the lesser of multiple evils amongst multiple choices of 'elohiym [el-oh-HEEM]. The word 'elohiym with a lowercase e can refer to false gods, to angels, or to human rulers or judges. The word 'Elohiym with a capital E refers to the Trinity. The word 'elohiym can also be used to refer to might as in mightiness. In that regard, the use of the word 'elohiym in reference to false gods, to angels, or to human rulers or judges involves the connotation of mightiness in comparison to an average human. When a person puts oneʼs trust in and thereby serves as a devoted follower of and thus worships an angel or human, that angel or human is that personʼs false god. Regarding the foregoing, the content of Joshua 24:15 involves Joshua calling attention to the choices that the Israelites had, and that content involves Joshua permitting the Israelites to make their choices while Joshua led by example with his choice.
The gift of pastor-teacher is for the purpose of each pastor-teacher functioning as a messenger who communicates the Word of God rather than functioning as a priest between the Trinity and mankind. In that regard, the time period that can be referred to as the Church Age started fifty days after the Lord Jesus Christ was resurrected, and all Church Age believers in the Lord Jesus Christ are priests. The Lord Jesus Christ is the High Priest of Church Age believers, and believers should be willing to acknowledge/confess/profess to people the believersʼ faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, as per Hebrews 4:14–15:
Therefore, since we have a great High Priest Who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast the acknowledgment/confession/profession. Indeed, we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One Who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin.
Also, the Lord Jesus Christ is the High Priest according to the order of Melchizedek [mel-KIZ-uh-dek], who was the ruler of Salem when Abraham was still named Abram. Melchizedek was both a king and a priest, as per Genesis 14:18, which references Melchizedek greeting Abram:
Then Melchizedek king of Salem has brought out bread and wine, and he is a priest of 'El [AYL] 'Elyown [el-YOHN] / God [focusing on God the Fatherʼs power] Most High.
The Lord Jesus Christ is also both a king and a priest because the Lord is the Priest according to the order of Melchizedek, as per Hebrews 7:14–17:
Indeed, it is evident that our Lord has arisen from Judah, a tribe with reference to which Moses spoke nothing concerning priests. Also, it is still much more evident: that according to the similarity of Melchizedek, Another of a different type of priest arises, Who has become such not on the basis of a law of fleshly command / physical requirement but according to the power of an indestructible life. Indeed, it is attested: “YOU ARE A PRIEST FOREVER, ACCORDING TO THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK.”
Note: The Lord Jesus Christ is from the tribe of Judah. Also, the Lord Jesus Christ is qualified to be a priest because He was resurrected and therefore has an indestructible body. The above content in all capital letters is a reference to Psalm 110:4.
Because a king is royalty, a king who is a priest is a royal priest. In that regard, Church Age believers are royalty because they are members of the Lord Jesus Christʼs family. Therefore, all Church Age believers are royal priests, as per 1 Peter 2:9–10:
However, you are A CHOSEN PEOPLE, A royal PRIESTHOOD, A HOLY NATION, A PEOPLE FOR ACQUISITION/PRESERVATION, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him Who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light, for you once were NOT A PEOPLE, but now you are GODʼS PEOPLE. You had NOT RECEIVED MERCY, but now you have RECEIVED MERCY.
Note: Before the Church Age, Gentiles were not Godʼs people. In the Church Age, both Jewish and Gentile believers are Godʼs people. The content of 1 Peter 2:10 references Hosea 2:23. In that regard, Peter uses references involving Israel in the Old Testament to refer to Church Age believers.
Itʼs the message rather than the messenger that should be the focus of the believer in the Lord Jesus Christ. Put succinctly: itʼs the message rather than the messenger. In that regard, it is beneficial to keep in mind the content of Revelation 22:8–9, which was written by the apostle John, who, in addition to writing The Revelation to John, wrote The Gospel According to John, The First Epistle of John, The Second Epistle of John, and The Third Epistle of John:
I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, and when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed me these things, but he says* to me, “Do not do that. I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brethren the prophets and of those who keep the words of this book. Worship God.”
*Note: The word says is in the Greek historical present tense. By means of the Greek historical present tense, past action or future action can be described from the perspective of someone seeing the action as it occurs.
Regarding messages, believers should use the Word of God to examine what is being communicated. That is what the Bereans who are mentioned in Acts 17:10–12 did:
The brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, who, when they arrived, went into the synagogue of the Jews. Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, who received the word with all eagerness / readiness of mind, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so. Therefore, many of them believed, and not a few prominent Greek women and men.
Note: The phrase not a few means “quite a few.”
Today, the return of the Lord Jesus Christ to meet believers in the Lord Jesus Christ in the clouds on the occasion of the Rapture is one day closer than it was yesterday. The Rapture involves both deceased and living believers in the Lord Jesus Christ meeting the Lord in the clouds in the atmosphere of the earth, receiving glorified immortal resurrection bodies similar to the Lord Jesus Christʼs glorified resurrection body, and going to Heaven with those resurrection bodies. Before the Rapture occurs, deceased believers in the Lord Jesus Christ are in Heaven without glorified bodies. It is possible that the Rapture will occur during the time when the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah [yahm tuh-ROO-uh or yohm tuh-ROO-uh] would occur. The Feast of Trumpets was one of the seven feasts that the Israelites were supposed to celebrate each year under the regulations of the Mosaic Law. The term Mosaic Law refers to the laws communicated by Moses to the ancient Israelites. Because Moses communicated those laws, they are known collectively as the Mosaic Law. The Lord Jesus Christ fulfilled the Mosaic Law by being judged on the cross for the sins of humanity. Now that the Lord Jesus Christ has fulfilled the Mosaic Law, no believers in the Lord Jesus Christ are under the regulations of the Mosaic Law.
While it is possible that the Rapture will occur during the time when the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah [yahm tuh-ROO-uh or yohm tuh-ROO-uh] would occur—which is referenced as a single day in Leviticus 23:24–25 and Numbers 29:1–6 and which is what some people call Rosh Hashanah and which some people celebrate for two days—the next occurrence of which will possibly be during the time period of September 10th, 2026, at 11:51 A.M. – September 14th, 2026, at 1:08 P.M. in the Eastern Daylight Time zone or the time period of October 10th, 2026, at 11:13 A.M. – October 14th, 2026, at 12:29 P.M. in the Eastern Daylight Time zone, it is worthwhile for believers in the Lord Jesus Christ to get into the habit of being prepared every day for the return of the Lord, just in case the Rapture will occur during a time other than the time of the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to be in the habit of being prepared for the Rapture so that if it does occur during the time of the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah, one can be prepared for that time because of already being in the habit of being prepared. Examples of being prepared for the Rapture include applying the content of 1 John 1:9 whenever one sins, being unselfish, and whenever circumstances are such that an opportunity arises, sharing the gospel—the good news that believing that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior Who was judged on the cross for the sins of humanity is the means by which a person is able to have eternal life. Regarding sharing the gospel, one could also have a written or printed message containing the gospel with that written or printed message located somewhere where it could be easily noticed so that if a person or people were to read or hear that written or printed message either before or after the Rapture occurs, that person or people would thereby read or hear the gospel by means of that written or printed message.
Whether the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah in 2026 would occur during September or October depends on whether barley crop in Israel in 2026 was first in a status known as abib [ah-BEEB] (also known as aviv [ah-VEEV]) in March or April, respectively. Also, if barley crop in Israel in 2026 was first in a status known as abib/aviv in February, then the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah would have occurred during the time period of August 12th, 2026, at 12:25 P.M. – August 16th, 2026, at 1:49 P.M. in the Eastern Daylight Time zone. On which day and at what time in August, September, or October the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah would start depends on the time of the last sunset over Jerusalem before the first sliver of a crescent new moon after that sunset. The crescent new moon is the illumination of a sliver of the waxing moon. The moon is waxing when it is becoming more and more illuminated after what some people refer to as the astronomical new moon, the time when there is an absence of illumination of the moon—in other words, when there is an absence of reflection of light from the moon. On which day and at what time in August, September, or October the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah would end depends on whether the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah lasts one day or two days and whether the time of day of the end of the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah is at sunset, at the end of civil twilight, at the end of nautical twilight, or at the end of astronomical twilight.
Regarding information about the Rapture, it is beneficial to keep in mind the content of 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18 and 1 Corinthians 15:51–52:
1 Thessalonians 4:13–18
Now we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope, for if we believe that Jesus died and rose again—and we do indeed believe that Jesus died and rose again—so also God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep through Jesus. Indeed, this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive who remain until the coming of the Lord will not precede those who have fallen asleep, for the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout of command, with a voice of an archangel and with a trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive who remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord. Therefore, comfort one another with these words.
1 Corinthians 15:51–52
Behold, I tell you a mystery: we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in a twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet, for a trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed.
After the Rapture will be the seven-year Tribulation. The believers who will be alive on the earth when the Rapture occurs will escape the Tribulation. 1 Thessalonians 5:1–11 covers that topic. In that regard, in the book 1 Thessalonians, the content of 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18 is immediately followed by the content of 1 Thessalonians 5:1–11.
1 Thessalonians 5:1–11
Now as to the times and the epochs, brethren, you have no need of anything to be written to you, for you yourselves know full well that the day of the Lord is coming just like a thief in the night. While they are saying, “Peace and safety!” then sudden destruction comes upon them like labor pains upon a woman with child, and they will not escape. However, you, brethren, are not in darkness, that the day would overtake you like a thief, for you are all sons of light and sons of day. We are not of night nor of darkness; therefore, let us not sleep as others, but let us be alert and sober. Indeed, those who sleep do their sleeping at night, and those who get drunk get drunk at night. However, since we are of day, let us be sober, having put on the breastplate of faith and benevolence/goodwill, and as a helmet, the hope / absolute confidence of deliverance, for God has not destined us for wrath but for obtaining deliverance through our Lord Jesus Christ, Who died for us, so that whether we are awake or asleep, we will live together with Him. Therefore, comfort one another and edify one another, just as you also are doing.
Note: In this context, the day of the Lord is the time period that consists of the Rapture, the seven years of the Tribulation, and the Second Advent. In that regard, deliverance from the Tribulation is the deliverance in this context. Also, unspecified is who will be saying “Peace and safety!” In this context, sleeping refers to a lack of alertness. The alertness in this context involves being ready for the Rapture. In order to be ready for the Rapture, a believer needs to be filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and to pay attention for historical trends such as people saying “Peace and safety!” and for historical trends that match the pattern of the world being on the brink of tremendous calamities like those that will occur during the Tribulation. Regarding being filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit, once a believer commits a sin after salvation, that believer is no longer filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and is out of fellowship with the Trinity. After that believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, fellowship with the Trinity and the filling with the power of the Holy Spirit are restored. The procedure for confessing/acknowledging to God the Father all of oneʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins is mentioned in 1 John 1:9: “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” Fellowship with God the Father and God the Son is mentioned in 1 John 1. Being out of fellowship with God the Holy Spirit is referenced in Ephesians 4:30. In that regard, when a believer sins, that believer grieves the Holy Spirit. Losing the filling of the power of God the Holy Spirit is referenced in 1 Thessalonians 5:19. In that regard, when a believer sins, the power of God the Holy Spirit is quenched in that believer. After a believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, that believer is then filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit again and in fellowship with the Trinity again.
The verses of the day for September 4th are 2 Timothy 1:13–14. The title of the book 2 Timothy is also known as “The Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy” and “The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy.” In addition, for the names of the books of the Bible, instead of using the Arabic numeral 2, one can use the Roman numeral for 2; that Roman numeral is II. With the Roman numeral, the book and chapter would be written as II Timothy 1. Because it is useful to study verses in the context of the verses around them, below is content related to 2 Timothy 1.
Note: In notes for 2 Timothy 1 further below, the Church Age is mentioned. With regard to the Church Age, below is a synopsis of human history as categorized into time periods known as dispensations. In the below synopsis, there is the term hypostatic union [high-PUH-stat-ick YOON-yuhn]. This refers to the Lord Jesus Christ being 100% Deity and 100% humanity. The English word hypostatic is derived from the Koine [KOI-nay] Greek word ὑπόστασις [pronounced hoo-PAH-stah-sees and transliterated as hypostasis]. After the Lord Jesus Christ was judged for the sins of humanity, His body was in the grave for three days and three nights. He was then resurrected, and He was on the earth for forty days after He was resurrected. He then ascended to Heaven, and ten days after that, the Day of Pentecost [PEN-tih-kahst] occurred. The Day of Pentecost was the beginning of the Church Age. The word Pentecost is derived from the Koine Greek word πεντηκοστή [pronounced pen-tay-kah-STAY and transliterated as pentēkostē]. That word is derived from the Koine Greek word πεντήκοντα [pronounced pen-TAY-kahn-tah and transliterated as pentēkonta], which means “fifty.” Therefore, the word Pentecost is derived from the fact that that day occurred fifty days after the Lord was resurrected. In that regard, the Church Age began fifty days after the Lord was resurrected. The Church Age will end with the Rapture. The Rapture involves both deceased and living believers in the Lord Jesus Christ meeting the Lord in the clouds in the atmosphere of the earth, receiving glorified immortal resurrection bodies similar to the Lord Jesus Christʼs glorified resurrection body, and going to Heaven with those resurrection bodies. Before the Rapture occurs, deceased believers in the Lord Jesus Christ are in Heaven without glorified bodies. Absent from the Bible is anything specifically indicating the precise date and time when the Rapture will occur, although it is possible that the Rapture will occur during the time when the Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah [yahm tuh-ROO-uh or yohm tuh-ROO-uh] would occur—which is referenced as a single day in Leviticus 23:24–25 and Numbers 29:1–6 and which is what some people call Rosh Hashanah and which some people celebrate for two days—the next occurrence of which will possibly be during the time period of September 10th, 2026, at 11:51 A.M. – September 14th, 2026, at 1:08 P.M. in the Eastern Daylight Time zone or the time period of October 10th, 2026, at 11:13 A.M. – October 14th, 2026, at 12:29 P.M. in the Eastern Daylight Time zone.
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Dispensation |
Start |
Ending or Interruption |
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Age of the Gentiles |
Adam |
The Age of the Gentiles ended with the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. |
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Age of Israel |
Exodus |
The Age of Israel was interrupted on the Day of Pentecost. |
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Age of the Hypostatic Union (part of the Age of Israel) |
First Advent of Christ |
The Age of the Hypostatic Union ended with the Ascension of Christ. |
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Church Age |
Day of Pentecost |
The Church Age will end with the Rapture of the Church. |
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Tribulation (Age of Israel resumed) |
Rapture |
The Tribulation will end with the Second Advent of Christ. |
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Millennium |
Second Advent |
The 1,000-year Millennium will end with the Great White Throne Judgment of unbelievers. |
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Eternal State |
Great White Throne Judgment |
The Eternal State will be never-ending. |
Regarding the word judgment, the proper way to spell that word is without an e between the dg and the m. In that regard, the e of the root word judge is dropped when the suffix ment is added to that root word. The formation of the word judgment is shown below.
judge −e +ment
= judg +ment
= judgment
Another way to categorize human history is by means of civilizations. Civilizations begin only with believers. Regarding the timing of civilizations and dispensations, the first civilization began with Adam and ended on the occasion of the Great Flood (also known as the Flood). That civilization is known as the antediluvian civilization and the predulivian civilization. In that regard, the prefixes ante and pre mean “before.” Also, there are various spellings of the adjectives that refer to the time before the Flood. Those spellings include antediluvian, ante-diluvian, prediluvian, and pre-diluvian.
After the Flood, there were only eight believers on the earth: Noah, his wife, their three sons, and their sonsʼ wives. With the removal of the unbelievers from the earth on the occasion of the Flood, a new civilization was started. That civilization is known as the postdiluvian civilization (also known as the postdiluvial civilization). Regarding the terminology, the prefix post means “after,” and the adjectives diluvian and diluvial mean “having to do with a flood.” Also, there are various spellings of the adjectives that refer to the time after the Flood. Those spellings include postdiluvian, post-diluvian, postdiluvial, and post-diluvial. The postdiluvian civilization will end on the occasion of the Second Advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. On the occasion of the Second Advent, the Lord will remove all unbelievers from the earth. Their removal will be by means of physical death just as the removal of all unbelievers was by means of physical death on the occasion of the Flood. This is called the Baptism of Fire, which is either a metaphorical description because fire can be used to represent judgment or a literal reference to the use of fire in the judgment of unbelievers on the occasion of the Second Advent. The Baptism of Fire is referenced in Matthew 3:11–12; Luke 3:15–17; and 2 Thessalonians 1:7–9.
Just as a new civilization started after the Flood, so also a new civilization will start after the Baptism of Fire. That civilization is called the Millennium. The Millennium is both a civilization and a dispensation. The Eternal State is also both a civilization and a dispensation.
2 Timothy 1:1
Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, according to the promise of life in Christ Jesus,
Note: It is possible that God the Holy Spirit is not mentioned in this salutation because God the Holy Spiritʼs ministry involves Him glorifying God the Son rather than calling attention to God the Holy Spirit Himself. It is possible that God the Father is mentioned because He is the Planner. Regarding the roles of the Members of the Trinity, God the Father does the planning, God the Son executes the plan, and God the Holy Spirit reveals the plan. The Lord Jesus Christ is God the Son.
2 Timothy 1:2
to Timothy, my beloved son/child/pupil: Grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
Note: In this verse, the Koine [KOI-nay] Greek noun that is translated as “son,” “child,” or “pupil” is τέκνῳ [pronounced TEK-noh and transliterated as teknō]. That noun is an inflected form of the root word τέκνον [pronounced TEK-nahn and transliterated as teknon]. While the Koine Greek noun teknon can be used literally to refer to an offspring, that noun can also also be used metaphorically to refer to a pupil.
Also, the Koine Greek noun that is translated as “peace” or “prosperity” in 2 Timothy 1:2 is εἰρήνη [pronounced ay-RAY-nay and transliterated as eirēnē (some people leave the macron—a diacritical mark that looks like a horizontal line above a letter—off the second e and the macron off the third e and transliterate the word as eirene)]. That noun is an inflected form of the root word εἰρήνη [pronounced ay-RAY-nay and transliterated as eirēnē]. The Koine Greek noun eirēnē is the equivalent of the Hebrew noun שָׁלוֹם [pronounced shaw-LOHM and can be transliterated as shalom or shalowm].
2 Timothy 1:3
I keep on having thankfulness toward our God / I keep on having grace by means of our God, Whom I serve after forefathers/ancestors with a clear conscience, as I continually remember you in my prayers night and day,
Note: The Koine Greek phrase translated as “I keep on having thankfulness toward our God” or “I keep on having grace by means of our God” is χάριν ἔχω τῷ Θεῷ [pronounced KHAH-reen EH-khoh TOH theh-OH and transliterated as charin echō tō Theō]. The Koine Greek noun χάριν is an inflected form of the root word χάρις [pronounced KHAH-rees and transliterated as charis]. In the context of 2 Timothy 1:3, the noun χάριν can be translated as either “thankfulness” or “grace.” The Koine Greek verb ἔχω is an inflected form of the root word ἔχω [pronounced EH-khoh and transliterated as echō]. In the context of this verse, ἔχω can be translated as “I keep on having.”
The Koine Greek definite article τῷ is an inflected form of the root word ὁ [pronounced HAH and transliterated as ho]. In the context of 2 Timothy 1:3, the definite article τῷ can be translated as the possessive pronoun “our.” The Koine Greek noun Θεῷ is an inflected form of the root word θεός [pronounced theh-AHS and transliterated as theos]. The inflected form of the definite article τῷ corresponds to the inflected form of the noun Θεῷ.
The inflected forms of Koine Greek nouns are referred to as cases. There are three cases of θεός that end with ῷ [the letter omega with an inverted breve above the letter and an iota subscript below the letter]: the dative case, the locative case, and the instrumental case. The dative case involves an indirect object or a focus of interest. The locative case involves location. The instrumental case involves means. Because the form of θεός in the dative case is θεῷ and the form of θεός in the locative case also is θεῷ and the form of θεός in the instrumental case also is θεῷ, the context of the content surrounding the noun θεῷ needs to be analyzed in order to try to determine if θεῷ is being used in the dative case, the locative case, or the instrumental case.
While the absence of any references to location in 2 Timothy 1:3 and the surrounding verses helps determine that the case of Θεῷ in this verse is a case other than the locative case, indeterminable is whether the case is the dative case or the instrumental case; hence, the above translation calls attention to both possibilities. The phrase toward our God is a translation with τῷ and Θεῷ in the dative case. The phrase by means of our God is a translation with τῷ and Θεῷ in the instrumental case.
The word thankfulness as a translation of χάριν fits the context of the phrase toward our God. The word grace as a translation of χάριν fits the context of the phrase by means of our God. Regardless of whether the phrase I keep on having thankfulness toward our God or the phrase I keep on having grace by means of our God is the translation that reflects what the apostle Paul originally wrote in 2 Timothy, there is content elsewhere in the Bible indicating that believers in the Lord Jesus Christ should be thankful to God the Father, and there is also content elsewhere in the Bible indicating that God the Father is gracious.
In 2 Timothy 1:3, the phrase after forefathers/ancestors is a reference to past believers. The Koine Greek preposition translated as “after” in this verse is ἀπὸ [pronounced ah-PAH and transliterated as apo]. That preposition is an inflected form of the root word ἀπό [pronounced ah-PAH and transliterated as apo]. The preposition apo can be used various ways. Because that preposition can have a variety of uses, the translation of that preposition depends upon the context in which it is used.
The context of the content of 2 Timothy 1:3 is such that the translation “after” fits the context of that verse. Regarding that usage of the preposition after in the context of the content of 2 Timothy 1:3, Paul was making a reference to himself serving God the Father, and Paul was also making a reference to believers of the past serving God the Father. In that regard, Paul was indicating that he was metaphorically following in the footsteps of past believers who had served God the Father.
With regard to serving, by using the phrase clear conscience, Paul was indicating that he believed that he was doing what was right. With regard to doing what is right and thereby being able to have a clear conscience, it is important to do a right thing in a right way. In that regard, below is a list of right and wrong things.
A right thing done in a wrong way is wrong.
A wrong thing done in a right way is wrong.
A wrong thing done in a wrong way is wrong.
A right thing done in a right way is right.
All prayer must be addressed to God the Father. The Lord Jesus Christ Himself indicated that all prayer must be addressed to God the Father. The content of Matthew 6:1–13 covers the Lord giving an example about how to pray. In that regard, the content of Matthew 6:9 covers the Lord commanding that prayers be addressed to God the Father. The content of Luke 11:1–4 also covers the Lord giving an example about how to pray. In that regard, the content of Luke 11:2 covers the Lord commanding that prayers be addressed to God the Father.
Regarding the prayers mentioned in 2 Timothy 1:3, Paul regularly prayed on behalf of Timothy. In that regard, the adverb continually refers to occurring at intervals. Also, Paul prayed at night, and he prayed during the daytime. While unspecified in this verse and the surrounding ones are the time periods between Paulʼs intervals of praying and whether Paul prayed every night and every day, it is worthwhile to pray to God the Father on a daily basis and to pray to God the Father multiple times per day if there are opportunities to do so.
The content of 2 Timothy 1:3 is repeated below for reference.
2 Timothy 1:3
I keep on having thankfulness toward our God / I keep on having grace by means of our God, Whom I serve after forefathers/ancestors with a clear conscience, as I continually remember you in my prayers night and day,
2 Timothy 1:4
longing to see you, even as I recall your tears, so that I may be filled with joy,
Note: The reason or reasons for Timothyʼs tears are unspecified in the Bible; therefore, we are unable to determine whether those were tears of joy or tears of sadness. What we can learn from 2 Timothy 1:4 is that Paul had some sensitivity towards Timothy rather than being callous towards him. What we can also learn from 2 Timothy 1:4 is that Paul, while exhibiting sensitivity, refrained from wasting time on the details of emotional matters. It is also worth noting that, due to the absence of any details related to Timothyʼs tears, if anyone were to later read or hear the content of this epistle, the privacy of Timothy would be protected. In that regard, the people who read or hear the content of 2 Timothy do indeed either read or hear the content of this epistle, and because the details related to Timothyʼs tears are unspecified, if his tears were a private matter, Timothyʼs privacy has been protected.
The absence of details related to Timothyʼs tears relates to security clearances such as, for example, confidential, secret, and top secret. Even when a person has a certain level of clearance, the information available to that person is compartmentalized on a need-to-know basis. In that regard, the amount of information that a person needs to know is related to what functions that person needs to perform. God the Father is omniscient [ahm-NISH-uhnt] [all-knowing]. Because God the Father knows everything, He knows how much believers need to know. In that regard, because the details related to Timothyʼs tears are unspecified in the Bible, it is unnecessary for believers to know those details.
2 Timothy 1:5
receiving remembrance of the sincere doctrine/faith within you, which first dwelt in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am sure that is in you as well.
Note: Doctrine is that in which one believes. Faith is oneʼs action of believing in something. In the context of this verse, the word doctrine refers to Bible doctrine, which is the Word of God. In this verse, the form of the Koine Greek noun that is translated as either “doctrine” or “faith” is πίστεως [pronounced PEES-teh-ohs and transliterated as pisteōs]. That noun is an inflected form of the root word πίστις [pronounced PEES-tees and transliterated as pistis].
Regarding the portion of 2 Timothy 1:5 after the phrase and I am sure, Paul wrote elliptically, omitting the verb is. In this verse, Paul was expressing confidence that Timothy had the Word of God in Timothyʼs thinking. Paul also indicated that Timothyʼs grandmother and mother had the Word of God in their thinking before Timothy.
2 Timothy 1:6
For this reason, I remind you to kindle afresh the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands.
Note: Paulʼs laying hands on Timothy was an identification of Timothy as a communicator of the Word of God. With regard to laying hands on a believer in the Lord Jesus Christ, absent from the New Testament is any command related to laying hands on believers who have communication gifts. In addition, absent from the New Testament is any command related to laying hands on believers in order for those believers to receive spiritual gifts from God the Holy Spirit or to receive the filling power of God the Holy Spirit.
Now that the Canon of Scripture has been completed, a believer becomes filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit at the moment of salvation. Once a believer commits a sin after salvation, that believer is no longer filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and is out of fellowship with the Trinity. After that believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, fellowship with the Trinity and the filling with the power of the Holy Spirit are restored. The procedure for confessing/acknowledging to God the Father all of oneʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins is mentioned in 1 John 1:9: “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” Fellowship with God the Father and God the Son is mentioned in 1 John 1. Being out of fellowship with God the Holy Spirit is referenced in Ephesians 4:30. In that regard, when a believer sins, that believer grieves the Holy Spirit. Losing the filling of the power of God the Holy Spirit is referenced in 1 Thessalonians 5:19. In that regard, when a believer sins, the power of God the Holy Spirit is quenched in that believer. After a believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, that believer is then filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit again and in fellowship with the Trinity again.
2 Timothy 1:7
Indeed, God has not given us a spirit of timidity/fearfulness/cowardice but of power and benevolence/goodwill and discipline / sound judgment / self-control.
Note: In this verse, the word spirit refers to a believerʼs human spirit. In that regard, at the moment of salvation, each believer in the Lord Jesus Christ receives a human spirit, which is a believerʼs essence that involves thinking of Bible doctrine—in other words, thinking that involves the Word of God. An unbeliever lacks a human spirit. In contrast with a human spirit, a soul is a personʼs essence that involves thinking in general. Each unbeliever has a body and soul; therefore, unbelievers are dichotomous [digh-KAHT-uh-muhs]. Each believer has a body, soul, and human spirit; therefore, believers are trichotomous [trigh-KAHT-uh-muhs].
Thinking in terms of the Word of God involves an absence of timidity/fearfulness/cowardice. Instead, thinking in terms of the Word of God involves power. Also, thinking in terms of the Word of God involves benevolence/goodwill. In addition, thinking in terms of the Word of God involves discipline / sound judgment / self-control.
2 Timothy 1:8
Therefore, do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord nor of me His prisoner, but join with me in suffering for the gospel by the power of God,
Note: The gospel is the good news that the means of receiving eternal life is by believing that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior Who was judged on the cross for the sins of humanity. Paul had suffered as a result of sharing the gospel with people. Paul encouraged Timothy to refrain from being ashamed of sharing the gospel and to instead share the gospel with people even though sharing the gospel would result in suffering for Timothy.
If Timothy were to share the gospel, God the Father would provide power to deal with the resultant suffering. The Koine Greek noun translated as “power” in this verse is δύναμιν [pronounced DOO-nah-meen and transliterated as dynamin]. That noun is an inflected form of the root word δύναμις [pronounced DOO-nah-mees and transliterated as dynamis]. The Greek word dynamis is the word from which the English word dynamite is derived.
Rather than Timothyʼs dealing with the suffering that he would experience as a result of sharing the gospel being by means of reliance on his own power, Timothyʼs dealing with that suffering would be by means of reliance on power from God the Father. Power from God the Father is provided to a believer by means of the agency of God the Holy Spirit. In that regard, once a believer commits a sin after salvation, that believer is no longer filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and is out of fellowship with the Trinity. After that believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, fellowship with the Trinity and the filling with the power of the Holy Spirit are restored. The procedure for confessing/acknowledging to God the Father all of oneʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins is mentioned in 1 John 1:9: “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” Fellowship with God the Father and God the Son is mentioned in 1 John 1. Being out of fellowship with God the Holy Spirit is referenced in Ephesians 4:30. In that regard, when a believer sins, that believer grieves the Holy Spirit. Losing the filling of the power of God the Holy Spirit is referenced in 1 Thessalonians 5:19. In that regard, when a believer sins, the power of God the Holy Spirit is quenched in that believer. After a believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, that believer is then filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit again and in fellowship with the Trinity again.
The content of 2 Timothy 1:8 is repeated below for reference.
2 Timothy 1:8
Therefore, do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord nor of me His prisoner, but join with me in suffering for the gospel by the power of God,
2 Timothy 1:9
Who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus before times eternal
Note: In 2 Timothy 1:9, the reference to God the Father calling believers with a holy calling indicates that God the Father wants believers to serve Him after salvation. In order to serve God the Father as frequently as possible, the believer must be unselfish as frequently as possible. In order to be unselfish, a believer needs to learn the Word of God while the believer is filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and then obey the Word of God while the believer is filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit. As mentioned above, once a believer commits a sin after salvation, that believer is no longer filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and is out of fellowship with the Trinity. After that believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, fellowship with the Trinity and the filling with the power of the Holy Spirit are restored. The procedure for confessing/acknowledging to God the Father all of oneʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins is mentioned in 1 John 1:9: “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” Fellowship with God the Father and God the Son is mentioned in 1 John 1. Being out of fellowship with God the Holy Spirit is referenced in Ephesians 4:30. In that regard, when a believer sins, that believer grieves the Holy Spirit. Losing the filling of the power of God the Holy Spirit is referenced in 1 Thessalonians 5:19. In that regard, when a believer sins, the power of God the Holy Spirit is quenched in that believer. After a believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, that believer is then filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit again and in fellowship with the Trinity again.
Also, the content of 2 Timothy 1:9 indicates that salvation occurs without the involvement of the works of the person being saved. In that regard, absent from the content of verse 9 and the surrounding verses is any reference to people saving themselves. Instead, the content of verses 8 and 9 contains the phrase God, Who has saved us.
The phrase before times eternal refers to eternity past. In that regard, before God the Son created the universe, God the Father knew that all humans except the Lord Jesus Christ—Who is God the Son in His humanity—would sin. Furthermore, before God the Son created the universe, God the Father planned a means by which sinners can receive eternal life. That means of receiving eternal life is—for those who believed before the Lord Jesus Christʼs public ministry was revealed—by means of believing that God the Son would take the form of the One sinless Human Who would be judged for the sins of humanity, that the means of receiving eternal life is—for those who believed after the Lord Jesus Christʼs public ministry was revealed and before the Lord Jesus Christ was judged on the cross for the sins of humanity—by means of believing that the Lord Jesus Christ is that sinless Human Who would be judged for the sins of humanity, and that the means of receiving eternal life is—for those who believe after the Lord Jesus Christ was judged on the cross for the sins of humanity—by means of believing that Jesus Christ is that sinless Human Who was judged for the sins of humanity.
The content of 2 Timothy 1:9 is repeated below for reference.
2 Timothy 1:9
Who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus before times eternal
2 Timothy 1:10
and now has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, Who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel,
Note: In this verse, the phrase and now has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus refers to the grace of God the Father. During the Lord Jesus Christʼs First Advent (also known as the Incarnation), the Lord revealed the grace of God the Father. In that regard, this verse indicates that the Lord Jesus Christ abolished death, which means that the Lord made it possible for people to escape eternal judgment. The means by which people escape eternal judgment is by believing in the Lord Jesus Christ as the Savior. In that regard, the gospel is the good news that the means of receiving eternal life is by believing that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior Who was judged on the cross for the sins of humanity.
The content of 2 Timothy 1:10 is repeated below for reference.
2 Timothy 1:10
and now has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, Who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel,
2 Timothy 1:11
for which I was appointed a preacher and an apostle and a teacher.
2 Timothy 1:12
For this reason, I also suffer these things, but I am not ashamed because I know in Whom I have believed, and I am convinced that He is able to guard my deposit/entrustment until/for that day.
Note: In this verse, the pronoun Whom refers to the Lord Jesus Christ. Regarding the phrase that day in this verse, the content of 2 Timothy 4:8 provides context. In that regard, the content of 2 Timothy 1:12 and the content of 2 Timothy 4:8 are both in the same epistle from Paul to Timothy. In 2 Timothy 4:8, Paul indicates that the Lord Jesus Christ will award Paul with an eternal reward that Paul refers to as a crown of righteousness. In that verse, Paul uses the phrase on that day to refer to the occasion on which Paul will receive that reward. Paul will receive that reward when he is evaluated by the Lord Jesus Christ. That occasion will occur after the Rapture and before the Second Advent. The Second Advent is the occasion of the Lord returning to the earth seven years after the Rapture. The Lordʼs evaluation of Church Age believers is known as the Judgment Seat of Christ and also known as the Bema [BAY-muh] Seat. The English word Bema Seat is derived from the Koine Greek word βῆμα [pronounced BAY-mah and transliterated as bema], which can be translated as “judgment seat.” At the time of the writing of the New Testament, a judgment seat was a raised seat—in other words, a seat at a higher level of elevation than the floor or ground around the seat. The Lordʼs evaluation of Church Age believers is referenced in the content of 1 Corinthians 3:11–15 and also in 2 Corinthians 5:10. Both 1 Corinthians and 2 Corinthians were epistles from Paul to believers in the Lord Jesus Christ. In that regard, the content of those verses refers to believers.
Unspecified in 2 Timothy 1:12 and the surrounding verses is to what the phrase my deposit/entrustment in 2 Timothy 1:12 refers. Because Paul uses the phrase that day in 2 Timothy 4:8 and also references the crown of righteousness in that verse, it is possible that the phrase my deposit/entrustment in 2 Timothy 1:12 refers to the eternal reward that Paul refers to as a crown of righteousness in 2 Timothy 4:8. Regardless of what Paul references with the phrase deposit/entrustment in 2 Timothy 4:8, Paul indicated that He was convinced that the Lord Jesus Christ has the ability to guard it.
2 Timothy 1:13
Keep on having the standard/pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in the faith and benevolence/goodwill which are in Christ Jesus.
Note: Paul commanded Timothy to follow the example of Paulʼs communication of the Word of God. In that regard, Paul indicated that Timothyʼs communication should be consistent with the principle of faith in the Lord Jesus Christ as the Savior and consistent with the principle of exhibiting benevolence/goodwill.
2 Timothy 1:14
Guard, through the Holy Spirit Who dwells in us, the good/noble deposit/entrustment.
Note: The content of 2 Timothy 1:13 provides context regarding Paulʼs usage of the phrase the good/noble deposit/entrustment in 2 Timothy 1:14. Paul references communication of the Word of God in verse 13. In that regard, Paul indicates that Timothy should guard the Word of God in the sense of being careful to accurately communicate the Word of God.
Regarding Paulʼs usage of the phrase the good/noble deposit/entrustment in 2 Timothy 1:14, Paul uses a play on words in 2 Timothy 1:14 and 2 Timothy 1:12. In verse 12, Paul references the Lord Jesus Christ guarding Paulʼs deposit/entrustment, and in verse 14, Paul encourages Timothy to guard the good/noble deposit/entrustment. Just as the Lord Jesus Christ guards something of value for Paul, so also Timothy should guard something of value for others. As mentioned above, that something of value for others is the Word of God. Also, by indicating that the deposit/entrustment that Timothy should guard is good/noble, Paul emphasizes the value of the Word of God. By emphasizing the value of the Word of God, Paul calls attention to the importance of Timothy accurately communicating the Word of God.
In 2 Timothy 1:14, the phrase the Holy Spirit Who dwells in us is a reference to the indwelling ministry of God the Holy Spirit in every believer. The indwelling ministry of God the Holy Spirit is different from the filling with the power of God the Holy Spirit. The indwelling of God the Holy Spirit can never be lost. His indwelling of a believer is a pledge / down payment that guarantees that a believer will always have eternal life from the moment of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ as the Savior. In contrast, the filling of God the Holy Spirit is lost the moment that a believer sins. In that regard, once a believer commits a sin after salvation, that believer is no longer filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit and is out of fellowship with the Trinity. After that believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, fellowship with the Trinity and the filling with the power of the Holy Spirit are restored. The procedure for confessing/acknowledging to God the Father all of oneʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins is mentioned in 1 John 1:9: “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” Fellowship with God the Father and God the Son is mentioned in 1 John 1. Being out of fellowship with God the Holy Spirit is referenced in Ephesians 4:30. In that regard, when a believer sins, that believer grieves the Holy Spirit. Losing the filling of the power of God the Holy Spirit is referenced in 1 Thessalonians 5:19. In that regard, when a believer sins, the power of God the Holy Spirit is quenched in that believer. After a believer has confessed/acknowledged to God the Father all of that believerʼs known unconfessed post-salvation sins, that believer is then filled with the power of God the Holy Spirit again and in fellowship with the Trinity again.
Note: Inside the square brackets below, the letters i.e. are used to represent the phrase that is. The two letters are an abbreviation for the Latin words id est, which mean “that is.” When one reads those two letters, one can either say, “eye ee” or “that is.” If one is reading out loud, and if any hearers of that reading are unaware of what the letters i.e. represent, it is best to say “that is.” Also, the letters i.e. need to be followed by a comma.
2 Timothy 1:15
You are aware of the fact that all who are in Asia [i.e., the Roman province of Asia] turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes.
Note: Below is a link to a map that shows the location of the Roman province of Asia. The label for the Roman province of Asia is located in grid coordinate B1. This map also shows the locations of the churches that compose the seven churches of Revelation. The key for this map is located in grid coordinates B3 and C3. The seven churches of Revelation are located in grid coordinate B2. A list of those seven churches, sorted in order of mention in Revelation 2–3, is located in grid coordinate D1.
https://Classic.NET.Bible.org/images/maps/nt2.jpg
If the above link is inaccessible, the below link can be tried instead.
https://NETBible.org/media/images/maps/nt2.jpg
2 Timothy 1:16
May the Lord give mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me and was not ashamed of my chain.
Note: In 2 Timothy 1:16, the word chain refers to Paulʼs imprisonment. The believer Onesiphorus had helped Paul even though Paul had been imprisoned. Unspecified is whether the usage of the verb refreshed in verse 16 refers to physical refreshment or mental refreshment—or both. Regardless, the help that Onesiphorus provided was beneficial for Paul. Paul appreciated Onesiphorusʼs help. In that regard, Paul hoped that the Lord would give mercy to the household of Onesiphorus. The household of Onesiphorus refers to Onesiphorus and the other members of his household. In other words, Paul wanted blessing for Onesiphorus and blessing by association for the other members of Onesiphorusʼs household.
2 Timothy 1:17
However, when he was in Rome, he eagerly searched for me and found me—
Note: The word Rome in the context of 2 Timothy 1:17 refers to the capital city of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire can also be referred to using the word Rome. The Roman province of Asia was part of the Roman Empire. Rome was founded in the 700s B.C. Rome eventually became a kingdom. That kingdom is known as the Roman Kingdom. Then Rome became a republic. That republic is known as the Roman Republic. After that, Rome became an empire. That empire is known as the Roman Empire.
For geographical context, below is a link to a map of the apostle Paulʼs journey to Rome, the capital city of the Roman Empire. The capital city Rome is located in grid coordinate A1. Jerusalem is also on the map. Jerusalem is located in grid coordinate F4. At the time that the apostle Paul wrote the book 2 Timothy 1, Jerusalem was under the control of the Roman Empire. At that time, Jerusalem was within the Roman province of Judea [joo-DEE-uh or joo-DAY-uh]. The word Judea can also be spelled Judaea or Judæa. The character æ is a ligature [LIG-uh-chuhr or LIG-uh-choor] of a and e. Before the Romans conquered the region known as Judea, the name of the country of the Jewish people was Judah. The inhabitants of Judah can be referred to as Judahites [JOO-duh-ights]. The inhabitants of Judea can be referred to as Judeans [joo-DEE-uhnz or joo-DAY-uhnz].
https://Classic.NET.Bible.org/images/maps/jp4.jpg
If the above link is inaccessible, the below link can be tried instead.
https://NETBible.org/media/images/maps/jp4.jpg
The content of 2 Timothy 1:17 is repeated below for reference.
2 Timothy 1:17
However, when he was in Rome, he eagerly searched for me and found me—
2 Timothy 1:18
may the Lord give to him to find mercy from the Lord on that day—and you know very well what services he rendered at Ephesus.
Note: As with Paulʼs usage of the phrase that day in 2 Timothy 1:12, Paulʼs usage of that phrase in 2 Timothy 1:18 refers to the occasion of the Judgment Seat of Christ, which is the occasion on which Church Age believers will be evaluated by the Lord Jesus Christ. Below is a link to a map that shows the location of Ephesus. That map also shows the locations of Jerusalem and Rome.
https://NETBible.org/media/images/constable/45Rom-1.jpg
Below is a link to the aforementioned map in the notes for verse 17. On that map, Ephesus is located in grid coordinate D2.
https://Classic.NET.Bible.org/images/maps/jp4.jpg
If the above link is inaccessible, the below link can be tried instead.
https://NETBible.org/media/images/maps/jp4.jpg
Below is a link to the aforementioned map that shows the location of the seven churches of Revelation, of which the church at Ephesus is one. On that map, Ephesus is located in grid coordinate A2.
https://Classic.NET.Bible.org/images/maps/nt2.jpg
If the above link is inaccessible, the below link can be tried instead.
https://NETBible.org/media/images/maps/nt2.jpg
In 2 Timothy 1:17–18, Paul uses a play on words involving the verb find. In verse 17, Paul uses the verb found in reference to Onesiphorus searching for and finding Paul. In verse 18, Paul uses the verb find in reference to Onesiphorus receiving mercy from the Lord. The Koine Greek verb that is translated as “found” in verse 17 is εὗρεν [pronounced HYOO-ren and transliterated as heuren]. That verb is an inflected form of the root word εὑρίσκω [pronounced hyoo-REE-skoh and transliterated as heuriskō]. The Koine Greek verb that is translated as “find” in verse 18 is εὑρεῖν [pronounced HYOO-rain and transliterated as heurein]. That verb is an inflected form of the root word that is the same root word found in verse 17: εὑρίσκω [pronounced hyoo-REE-skoh and transliterated as heuriskō]. The use of forms of heuriskō in verses 17 and 18 is the means by which Paul uses a play on words.
Sincerely,
John
